
CPSE 3 RATNAs: MAHARATNA TO MINIRATNA
Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs), also known as Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs), originated from India’s economic vision after Independence in 1947. Their growth reflects the government’s objective of building a self-reliant and socially balanced economy. Over time, PSUs have played a crucial role in industrial development, infrastructure creation, and national economic planning. Definition of PSE A Public Sector Enterprise (PSE) is a government-owned corporation established to carry out commercial and strategic activities. These enterprises are fully or majority owned (at least












